Chemical Bonding Essay Example

Compound Bonding Paper Substance mixes are framed by the joining of at least two iotas. A steady compound happens when the all out vitality of the blend has lower vitality than the isolated molecules. The bound state suggests a net appealing power between the iotas a synthetic bond. The two extraordinary instances of compound bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which at least one sets of electrons are shared by two molecules. Ionic bond: bond in which at least one electrons from one molecule are expelled and appended to another iota, bringing about positive and negative particles which draw in each other.Other sorts of bonds incorporate metallic securities and hydrogen holding. The alluring powers between atoms in a fluid can be described as van der Waals bonds. What is an Ionic Bond? An ionic bond is a kind of substance bond shaped through an electrostatic fascination between two oppositely charged particles. Ionic bonds are framed because of the fascination between a molecule that has lost at least one ele ctron (known as a cation) and an iota that has increased at least one electrons (known as an anion). As a rule, the cation is a metal iota and the anion is a non-metal atom.It is critical to perceive that unadulterated ionic holding in which one particle takes an electron from another can't exist: every single ionic compound have some level of covalent holding, or electron sharing. In this manner, the term ionic bond is given to a bond in which the ionic character is more prominent than the covalent character that is, a bond wherein an enormous electronegativity contrast exists between the two iotas, making the bond be increasingly polar (ionic) than different types of covalent holding where electrons are shared all the more similarly. Bonds with mostly ionic and somewhat covalent character are called polar covalent bonds.Nevertheless, ionic holding is viewed as a type of no covalent holding. Ionic mixes direct power when liquid or in arrangement, however not as a strong. They by an d large have a high dissolving point and will in general be solvent in water. Ionic Bonding is watched on the grounds that metals have barely any electrons in its external generally orbital. By losing those electrons, these metals can accomplish respectable gas setup and fulfill the octet rule. So also, nonmetals that have near 8 electrons in its valence shell will in general promptly acknowledge electrons to accomplish its respectable gas configuration.In ionic bonding, beyond what 1 electron can be given or gotten to fulfill the octet rule. The charge on the anion and cation relates to the quantity of electrons gave or recieved. Inâ ionicâ bonds, the net charge of the compound must be zero. This sodium atom gives the solitary electron in its valence orbital so as to accomplish octet arrangement. This makes a decidedly charged cation because of the loss of electron. This Chlorine particle gets one electron to accomplish its octet design. This makes a contrarily charged an ion because of the expansion of one electron.The anticipated by and large vitality of theâ ionicâ bonding process, which incorporates the ionization vitality of the metal and electron fondness of the non-metal, is typically positive, demonstrating that the response is endothermic and troublesome. However,â this response is exceptionally positive due to their electrostatic fascination. At the best between nuclear separation, fascination between these particles discharges enough vitality to encourage the response. Mostâ ionicâ compounds will in general separate in polar solvents since they areâ often polar. This wonder is because of the contrary charges on each ions.Examples: In this model, the Sodiumâ molecule is giving its 1 valence electron to the Chlorine atom. This makes a Sodium cation and a Chlorine anion. Notice that the net charge of the compound is 0. In this model, the Magnesium particle is giving both of its valence electrons to Chlorine atoms. Every Chlorine atom c an just acknowledge 1 electron before it can achieveâ its respectable gas setup; in this manner, 2 particles of Chlorine is required to acknowledge the 2 electrons gave by the Magnesium. Notice that the net charge of the compound is 0. StructureIonic mixes in the strong state structure grid structures. The two chief factors in deciding the type of the cross section are the overall charges of the particles and their relative sizes. A few structures are received by various mixes; for instance, the structure of the stone salt sodium chloride is likewise embraced by numerous antacid halides, and twofold oxides, for example, MgO. Bond Strength For a strong crystalline ionic exacerbate the enthalpy change in shaping the strong from vaporous particles is named the cross section vitality. The test an incentive for the cross section vitality can be resolved utilizing the Born-Haber cycle.It can likewise be determined utilizing the Born-Lande condition as the whole of the electrostatic expec ted vitality, determined by adding collaborations among cations and anions, and a short range ghastly potential vitality term. The electrostatic potential can be communicated as far as the between ionic partition and a consistent (Madelung steady) that assesses the geometry of the precious stone. The Born-Lande condition gives a sensible fit to the cross section vitality of e. g. sodium chloride where the determined worth is ? 756 kJ/mol which thinks about to ? 87 kJ/mol utilizing the Born-Haber cycle. Polarization Effects Ions in precious stone grids of absolutely ionic mixes are circular; be that as it may, if the positive particle is little or potentially exceptionally charged, it will misshape the electron haze of the negative particle, an impact summed up in Fajans rules. This polarization of the negative particle prompts a development of additional charge thickness between the two cores, I. e. , to incomplete covalency. Bigger negative particles are all the more effortlessly e nraptured, however the impact is typically just significant when positive particles with charges of 3+ (e. . , Al3+) are included. Be that as it may, 2+ particles (Be2+) or even 1+ (Li+) show some polarizing power in light of the fact that their sizes are so little (e. g. , LiI is ionic however has some covalent holding present). Note this isn't the ionic polarization impact which alludes to removal of particles in the cross section because of the utilization of an electric field. Examination with covalent bonds In an ionic bond, the particles are limited by fascination of inverse particles, while, in a covalent bond, iotas are limited by sharing electrons to accomplish stable electron configurations.In covalent holding, the sub-atomic geometry around every molecule is controlled by Valence shell electron pair repugnance VSEPR rules, though, in ionic materials, the geometry adheres to most extreme pressing principles. Absolutely ionic bonds can't exist, as the closeness of the subst ances engaged with the bond permits some level of sharing electron thickness between them. Along these lines, every single ionic bond have some covalent character. Subsequently, an ionic bond is viewed as a bond where the ionic character is more prominent than the covalent character. The bigger the distinction in electronegativity between the two particles associated with the bond, the more ionic (polar) the bond is.Bonds with incompletely ionic and in part covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. For instance, Naâ€Cl and Mgâ€O bonds have a couple of percent covalency, while Siâ€O bonds are typically ~50% ionic and ~50% covalent. Electrical Conductivity Ionic mixes, whenever liquid or broke down, can direct power in light of the fact that the particles in these conditions are allowed to move and convey electrons between the anode and the cathode. In the strong structure, be that as it may, they can't direct in light of the fact that the electrons are held togethe r too firmly for them to move. Be that as it may, some ionic mixes can lead power when solid.This is because of movement of the particles themselves affected by an electric field. These mixes are known as quick particle conductors. What is a Covalent Bond? Covalent holding is the sharing of electrons between iotas. This kind of holding happens between two of a similar component or components near one another in the occasional table. This holding happens principally between non-metals; be that as it may, it can likewise be seen between non-metals and metals too. At the point when particles have comparable electronegativity, same proclivity for electrons, covalent bonds are well on the way to occur.Since the two molecules have a similar partiality for electrons nor is happy to give them away, they share electrons so as to accomplish octet arrangement and become progressively steady. What's more, the ionization vitality of the particle is excessively huge and the electron fondness of t he molecule is too little forâ ionic clinging to happen. For instance: Carbon doesn’t formâ ionicâ bonds since it has 4 valence electrons, half of an octet. So as to formâ ionic bonds, Carbon atoms should either pick up or lose 4 electrons. This is profoundly negative; subsequently, Carbon particles share their 4 valence electrons through single, twofold, and triple onds with the goal that every molecule can accomplish honorable gas setups. Covalent bonds can incorporate communications of the sigma and pi orbitals; along these lines covalent securities lead to arrangement of single, twofold, triple, and fourfold securities. Model: In this model, a Phosphorous particle is offering its 3 unpaired electrons to 3 Chlorine iotas. At long last item, each of the four of these atoms have 8 valence electronsâ and fulfill the octet rule. A covalent bond is the substance bond that includes the sharing of electron combines between atoms.The stable parity of appealing and ghastly pow ers between particles when they share electrons is known as covalent holding. [1] For some particles, the sharing of electrons permits every iota to accomplish what might be compared to a full external shell, relating to a stable electronic setup. Covalent holding incorporates numerous sorts of connections, including ? - holding, ? - holding, metal-to-metal holding, rationalist collaborations, and three-focus two-electron bonds. [2][3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939. [4] The prefix co-implies together, related in real life, cooperated less significantly, and so on accordingly a co-valent security,

Andrei Sakharov Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrei Sakharov - Essay Example In the result of the Second World War, Sakharov looked into about the grandiose beams and other atomic related advancements, along these lines assuming a noticeable job in the improvement of Soviet’s first megaton-go nuclear bomb. The equivalent atomic weapons authority turned another leaf, when in mid 1950’s, he began proposing tranquil usage of atomic innovations like for power age, and afterward in 1960’s pushed for the decrease of overall atomic armory including Soviet Union’s. In that later period just, Sakharov began composing numerous books, expositions and articles, which pondered his life, Soviet Union, legislative issues and significantly his perspectives against atomic weapons. His first just as his way breaking work is a paper titled Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom, which was distributed in 1968. In that exposition, he took position against the ballistic missile destroying rocket safeguard framework, whic h was being arranged by both Soviet Union and USA, and in a way censured the approaches of the Soviet foundation. Due to this enemy of government position, the article was first coursed in ‘samizdat’ (harsh duplicates, which were flowed physically).

Using Social Studies Gateway Essay Samples to Teach About Key Concepts

Using Social Studies Gateway Essay Samples to Teach About Key ConceptsSocial studies Gateway Essay samples can help teachers, parents and students to learn from the experiences of others. For the most part, these essays are often used in a combination of classroom, home study and online learning.In order to create a gateway essay, there are two steps that teachers need to accomplish. First, students must understand their author's motivations for writing. Second, students must be able to identify key concepts that will be covered in the essay.Teachers can use gateways in order to gain insight into how children learn. By working with students to develop a series of questions, teachers can identify what knowledge and skills the students have been working on during the course of the semester. The ability to understand why an essay was written and the types of questions students will be asked are crucial to teaching a class that focuses on social studies.Students must also be able to iden tify and relate key concepts that are discussed in the social studies that they are studying. Some of the most common gateway essays are on race, health, economics, religion, marriage, education, family and socialization. Gateways that teach students about race and society usually start by discussing the causes and effects of racism.Studies have shown that many different types of social behaviors exist along racial lines. By focusing on why and how racism has developed, teachers can begin to identify the root causes of racial behavior and gain insight into how people respond to such behavior. By creating essays about the role of race in the lives of different groups, students can gain insight into how they can change their behaviors.Health and nutrition are often in charge of helping students understand how the social studies can impact them. Often, students will be introduced to key points of health that influence the bodies of different people. Teachers can ask students to identif y the key points of health that they find relevant to their day-to-day lives.The same can be said for the experiences of religion. By exploring the ideas of religion, students can learn about why religion has become such a significant part of life. By identifying issues that may not be acceptable to society as a whole, students can gain insight into how religion can be a significant part of people's lives.The best way to ensure that the social studies is taught in a timely manner is to take steps to ensure that students have a foundation in each concept. By developing an understanding of social studies, students can make connections between different topics. By allowing students to understand how people learn and develop key concepts, they will be better prepared to discuss the topics when required.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Spell Checkers

A spell checker is a computer application that identifies possible misspellings in a text by referring to the accepted spellings in a database. Also called  spell check, spell-checker, spellchecker and  spelling checker. Most spell checkers function as part of a larger program, such as a word processor or search engine. Examples and Observations Dont they teach you how to spell these days?No, I answer. They teach us to use spell-check.(Jodi Picoult,  House Rules.  Simon Schuster, 2010) Spell Checkers and the Brain Psychologists have found that when we work with computers, we often fall victim to two cognitive ailments--complacency and bias--that can undercut our performance and lead to mistakes. Automation complacency occurs when a computer lulls us into a false sense of security. . . .Most of us have experienced complacency when at a computer. In using e-mail or word-processing software, we become less proficient proofreaders when we know that a spell-checker is at work. (Nicholas Carr, All Can Be Lost: The Risk of Putting Our Knowledge in the Hands of Machines. The Atlantic, October 2013)[W]hen it comes to autocorrect, spellcheck, and their ilk, those who would blame digital technology for language decay are not entirely wrong. Our brains seem to become less vigilant when we know a grammatical safety net will catch us. A 2005 study found that students who got a high score on the verbal section of either the SAT or the Gmat missed twice as many errors proofreading a letter in Microsoft Word w ith the program’s squiggly colored lines highlighting likely mistakes as they did when the spell-check software was turned off. (Joe Pinsker, Punctuated Equilibrium. The Atlantic, July-August 2014) Microsofts Spellchecker Microsofts language experts also track word requests, as well as frequently corrected words, to assess whether those words should be added to the Speller dictionary (Speller is the trademark name of Microsofts spell-checker). One recent request was pleather, meaning a plastic faux leather, which was added because of a lobbying effort by the group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. If youve got the latest goods from Microsoft, pleather shouldnt get a red squiggly.In other cases, real words are intentionally kept out of the programs dictionary. A calender is a machine used for a specialized manufacturing process. But most people see calender as a misspelling of calendar. The wordsmiths at Microsoft have decided to keep calender out of the programs dictionary, figuring that at the end of the day its more useful to fix so many misspelled calendars, than it is to cater to the sensibilities of a small subset of the population who happen to know of, and want to write about, calend ers. Similar homophones (computer people call them common confusables) include words like rime, kame, quire, and leman. (David Wolman, Righting the Mother Tongue. Collins, 2008) The Limitations of Spellcheckers In fact, you have to be quite good at spelling and reading in order to use a spellchecker effectively. Typically, if you have misspelled a word the spellchecker will offer a list of alternatives. Unless your initial attempt is reasonably close to the correct spelling, you are unlikely to be offered sensible alternatives, and, even if you are, you have to be able to make sense of what is on offer. You and your pupils also have to be aware of the limitations of spellcheckers. First, you may correctly spell a word but simply use the wrong one; for example, After I had eaten my super I went straight to bed. A spellchecker will not spot that it should be supper not super (did you spot the mistake?). Second, the spellchecker does not recognize some perfectly acceptable words. (David Waugh and Wendy Jolliffe, English 5-11: A Guide for Teachers, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2013) Spellcheckers for Writers With Learning Disabilities Spellcheckers have revolutionised the lives of many dyslexic people and come to the rescue of beleaguered editors. Some snags still arise, as when homophones are used incorrectly. The speech option spellchecker can overcome these difficulties by giving definitions and using them in sentences for clarification and meaning. Some find it helpful if the spellchecker is turned off when they are doing the first draft of a piece of writing, otherwise the frequent interruptions (because of their many spelling errors) interfere with their train of thought.(Philomena Ott, Teaching Children with Dyslexia: A Practical Guide. Routledge, 2007) The Lighter Side of Spellcheckers This apology was printed in the Observers For the Record column on March 26, 2006: A paragraph in the article below fell victim to the curse of the electronic spellchecker. Old Mutual became Old Metal, Axa Framlingon became Axe Framlington and Alliance Pimco became Aliens Pico.The Rev. Ian Elston was thinking ahead to Christmas services when his computer spell-checker changed the gifts of the Wise Men to golf, frankincense and myrrh. (Ken Smith, Day of the Dead. HeraldScotland, November 4, 2013)

Themes Of The American Dream - 748 Words

Individual Freedom: The American Dream One of the most widely explored themes in American literature is the concept of the American Dream. Many well-known works of literature display this theme prominently, such as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou, Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr. All three of these examples feature individuals who defy what society expects of them in favor of pursuing lives of their own choice, and as a result embody the American Dream. The American Dream is to have the freedom to pursue whatever type of life one desires, regardless of the background or expectations someone comes from, just as Maya Angelou, Chris McCandless, and Martin Luther King†¦show more content†¦However, Chris decides that the path his parents have set out for him is not the one he wishes to follow. Instead, Chris follows his American Dream to escape his parents’ expectations, and leaves his former life behind to lead a new, nomadic lifestyle, eventually virtually disappearing into the Alaskan wilderness (Krakauer 164). Chris later describes his meandering odyssey in his journal, â€Å"So now, after two rambling years comes the final and greatest adventure...No longer to be poisoned by civilization, he flees, and walks alone upon the land to become lost in the wild† (Krakauer 163). Though almost everyone he met criticized his choices, Chris had the freedom to roam across the country and into the wilderness, living in the manner of his choice and following his own, unique American Dream. A person’s individual American Dream can mean working toward any kind of life, but in Martin Luther King Jr.’s case, he used his American freedom to fight for racial equality and to effect positive change in the United States. In King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, he described the motivations behind his own American Dream, which encompassed not only his own life, but the lives of all American people of color. From his cell at Birmingham Jail, King wrote, â€Å"We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom† (34). In his letter, King acknowledged the fact that even in America, peopleShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men And The American Dream Theme756 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of words, themes, characters, and events. It is based upon the time period of the great depression, where many people were poor, had no self courage, and especially, had dreams that seemed impossible. Of Mice an d Men creates a world of gloom, sadness but also joy. The novella specifies many problems that the world had and still has in modern day. The novella is driven by a common theme that shows the flaws and strengths of the characters. The American Dream is an important theme in Of Mice andRead MoreThe Theme Of American Dream In The Great Gatsby859 Words   |  4 Pages American Dream The Great Gatsby is an incredible book that is filled full with literary themes and devices. In addition, Fitzgerald talks about the American Dream on his novel as it takes place in the roaring 20’s. Which is played through different characters in the book. This dream will actually come true, and turn into greatness after a long time of hardships and bumps along the road. The persona’s in the novel play this role where they all seek and want something which is affected with whatRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe American dream is the ideal that every human that lives in the United States of America has an equal opportunity to fulfill success and achieve happiness. The failure of the American dream is an evident theme in the novel. The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, uses the character Jay Gatsby to symbolize the corruption that the pursuit of the American Dream holds. The American Dream highlights equality and is the quintessential idea that all humans are equal. However, this idea is perceived as an illusionRead MoreThe Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement regardless o f social class or circumstances of birth. If you have a dream in America, you can achieve it with old fashioned hard work. Whether it’s going from rags to riches or finding love, the American Dream can offer it. But the ever-popular American dream is easily corrupted. This is greatly shown in theRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In A Raisin In The Sun709 Words   |  3 Pages‘A Raisin in the Sun’ is a story that focuses on an African American family in the late 1940’s that’s struggles through poverty and racism to find the American Dream. A life that should be better, fuller and richer for everyone with countless opportunities to each individual’s ability and achievement. A vision that appears to be too far to fully grasp, the Younger family struggles through life with the idea of the American Dream but come to terms that it means something a little bit different toRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In A Raisin In The Sun1123 Words   |  5 Pageshardship many need to face in order to attain this notion of the American Dream. The book did more than then just show what everyone faced, she shows the struggles that many African American families had to face when trying to achieve the notion of the American Dream. She does this by showing the environment that many African American lived in when there was bombing in the neighborhood or when white people would force African American who finally bought a home, out. Lorraine also shows the strugglesRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1308 Words   |  6 Pages The American Dream can exist through almost anything, including the disbandment of love. The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald displays the concept of the American Dream through modern Love. In the novel Fitzgerald creates a main portion of characters, Gatsby, Daisy, Nick, and Tom to act as the symbols of this American Dream. Throughout the story Fitzgerald gives his readers a tast e of what the chase of an American Dream is mainly seen as, which in the end did not become successful. FitzgeraldRead MoreWhat Is John Steinbecks Theme Of The American Dream831 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck describes a world where the American Dream was a wonderful dream to live but very difficult to live because of the challenges. In the 1930s, the Great Depression was occurring and it was horrible. During this time it was very disturbing how many people were living because they could not afford anything. The American dream was honesty not very achievable during this time period. Many people John Steinbeck reveals the reality of the 1930s in his novel. Steinbeck’s purpose in writingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : Themes Of Wealth, Dreams, Time And The Pursuit Of The American Dream873 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of Wealth, Dreams, time and the pursuit of the American dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is a common idea in America that all individuals are equal and can achieve their dreams and ambitions are by working hard. The American dream also enshrines the idea that regardless of social class and financial status, any individual who is hardworking and persevering can achieve anything. The pursuit of this dream has led many to success and many also to failure as a lot of people go to allRead MoreBroken Dreams and Fallen Themes: the Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby1477 Words   |  6 PagesBroken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to expose

Determination Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1325 Words

Alexander Bradley Mr. Murray 4/26/16 Courage to Dissent By: Tomiko Brown-Nagin Courage to Dissent helps readers understanding of the Civil Rights movement. Brown-Nagin wrote about the issue that was going on during this time when it pertains to politics, housing, public accommodations, and schools. It highlighted major issue that was a problem in America but especially Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta at this time became a huge stomping ground for African American leaders because of the massive wave of blacks that lived in the city as well as the issue that needed to be address to end segregation. The NAACP began to expand their leadership into smaller components. A lot of local black officials became extremely involved in Atlanta. The city wanted faster results, which focus on local activist and not head officials of the NAACP. One leader that was mention a lot in the book was A.T Walden. A.T Walden was the first black attorney in the state of Georgia. One of Walden accomplishments was the civil rights cases to help the pay for black teachers in Georgia. Through Wa lden and other leaders in Atlanta, changes were made in the city. First and foremost, voting and housing in Atlanta became a conflict during the civil rights movement. Voting became a huge concern to local Civil Rights activist in the state of Georgia but mainly in Atlanta. The majority of African Americans did not register to vote when they had the chance to vote. Before the 1944 trail againstShow MoreRelatedRosa Parkss Impact On The Civil Rights Movement1248 Words   |  5 Pagesand tensions started to climax during the era of the Civil Rights Movement, this discourse soon meet its challengers. In Montgomery, Alabama, arguably one of the most racist and defiant cities towards the movement of integration, people began to challenge the notion of racial segregation through a movement known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This movement, which lasted from December of 1955 to December of 1956, helped push the civil rights movement forward and challenge the dominant discourse of whiteRead MoreMalcolm X And Langston Hughes Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. has been an inspirational symbol of equal rights. (1)His effectiveness in non-violent protesting had a major impact on many civil rights movements in the 50s and 60s. King possessed what might be the most recognizable American trait: determination. Determination has given America many oppurtunities throughout history. In fact, it played a major role in winning our country’s independence. King used his own determination to manifest it in others. In his iconic speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†Read MoreThe Formation Of The United Nations955 Words   |  4 PagesUniversal Declaration of Human Rights were created to link local and global communities, bypassing the actions of the nation-state, in an attempt to avoid repetition of the atrocities committed in the early part of the century (Niezen 2003, p.19). Communities involved in indigenous movements were recognized to differ from other movements, such as civil rights movement, due to their wish to remai n distinct from the dominant population and have their territorial rights recognized and livelihood respectedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have Been To The Mountaintop835 Words   |  4 PagesI Have Been To The Mountaintop The Civil Rights Movement occurred in the 1950’s. It’s a movement against segregation and discrimination in the Southern states of America towards the African Americans. Throughout the wars and battles that were fought, African Americans never had equal rights like Caucasians. Caucasians downgraded African Americans due to their skin tone and their intelligence. Since African Americans were not given the same equality like Caucasians, they started to fight for equalityRead MoreThe 1960’s: Decade of Disillusionment992 Words   |  4 Pages In addition, an enormous movement began rising in opposition to the Vietnam War. It was a time of brutal altercations, with the civil rights movement and the youth culture demanding equality and the war in Vietnam put public loyalty to the test. Countless African-Americans, Native-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, women, and college students became frustrated, angry, and disillusioned by the turmoil around them. African Americans had been struggling to obtain equal rights for scores of decades. 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The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreCritical Book Analysis: The Fire Next Time. James Baldwin1144 Words   |  5 Pagesrenowned and celebrated African American writer who came to prominence during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s. The Fire Next Time is often regarded as one of his best works and cemented his role as a leading spokesman for the African American community. Baldwin spoke out against all kinds of discrimination. Baldwin’s ultimate message was that the redeeming power of love, understanding and self-determination would free African Americans of the â€Å"Negro Problem† (a euphemism for racial tensionRead MoreDuring The Mid-1960S To 1980, The Black Power Movement1362 Words   |à ‚  6 Pages During the mid-1960s to 1980, The Black Power movement was highly important for African Americans in the United States. This time frame increased the self-determination of black pride and the empowering movements that took place across the nation. The development of organizations influence African Americans to form unity, group awareness, and institutions in order to enhance the race as a whole. Important activists stood firm in their prolific speeches, which influenced the nation to believe that

Muscle and Bone free essay sample

â€Å"Oh my gosh, he just fell through the window! Anthony, are you ok?† I said while laughing hysterically. It was a warm fall day in 2003 and a few of my friends and I were walking around outside. We started playing on the lawn of an old, abandoned temple. Anthony backed into a window that gave way. All my friends and I heard was the shatter of glass and Anthony laughing. His laughter was soon accompanied with the laughter of the rest of our friends and tears even came out of our eyes. I walked closer to Anthony and my laughter turned into screams. Anthony had cut his arm after he fell through the glass. His arm was covered with blood and the muscle and bone of his arm were visible. I started to tremble. I was terrified. The sight of his arm’s muscle made me a little woozy, but I could not stop looking at the cut. We will write a custom essay sample on Muscle and Bone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I wanted to help, but I did not know what to do. Ever since that day, I have wanted to become a nurse. Most people are only concerned about themselves. I am the complete opposite of these people. Helping people is what I love to do. As a summer job, I worked at my school in a program designed to help incoming freshmen with their transition from middle school to high school. I was a teacher’s aide/tutor in one of the classes. I loved to go to work! Helping equipping these freshmen with common high school skills made me feel good. The expression on these students faces when they figured out a math problem on their own or when they learned the correct way to use â€Å"because† at the beginning of a sentence is priceless. Because I helped them understand a math problem or how to speak and write proper English, they will always remember me. The freshmen from last school year (now sophomores) ask me to tutor them in the subjects they find difficult. To know that you’ re a part (even if it’s a small part) of the reason why these students succeed give you an indescribable feeling! I benefited from the summer job. It taught me how to be patient and gentle when working with other people. It taught me that in order for others to be comfortable, I have to be comfortable. I also learned how to connect the materials learned in class with real situations in life. All my experiences and knowledge gained from this will help me in my career. The human body is an extraordinary piece of art. The complexity and how everything is interdependent upon each other amazes me. The sight of blood interests me and I have the urge to want to help those in pain. Over the years, I have been to many phases in my decision of my career path. But I know what I want to be â€Å"when I grow up,† and that is a nurse.

Minister`s Black Veil By Hawthorne Essays - The Ministers Black Veil

Minister`s Black Veil By Hawthorne In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil", the author chooses to mask the character of the minister with the black veil to construct an allegory that would compare sin concocted by imagination with unrecognized sin of one's self. With the story being set in the Puritan time period of the settlement of New England, as nearly all of Hawthorne's stories are, the reader can logically infer a certain set of value judgements. For instance, these people, being very sincere about their religion, are likely to see anything out of the ordinary, such as a black-veiled minister, as a serious issue that undermines their faith. On the surface the first sight of the veil not only confuses the congregation, but scares them as well. This man is supposed to be their most direct mode of communication with God, and to see him in what they perceive to be quite a bizarre condition, must make them feel that their religious lives may be in danger. Yet another character trait held by this community is its inability to cope with even the slightest bit of change. Something as trivial as a man covering his face with black crape paper literally whips this community into a frenzy. "I don't like it"(p.102), cried the old woman, "Our parson has gone mad"(102), cried Goodman Gary. Without even the slightest bit of investigation into the issue these people have brewed in their imaginations all sorts of theories as to what is so wrong with the minister. A third, and possibly most dangerous trait of the community, is its almost joyous inclination toward superstition. Whether you would like to call it Puritan myth or strait fact, this obsession with witchcraft and the supernatural is what made Puritan New England a dangerous place to live in the 17th century. This idea of the occult always seems to find its way into a Hawthorne story, and The Minister's Black Veil is no exception. Even the good doctor cannot help but mention, "the black veil, though it covers only our pastor's face, throws its influence over his whole person, and makes him ghostlike from head to foot."(p.105). The true allegory arises from these beliefs of the community, but does not wholly manifest it self until seen from the minister's point of view. Though he may contend that the veil personifies "sorrows dark enough to be typified by a black veil."(p.109), it is possible to infer that the veil is actually somewhat of an experiment by the minister. On the surface he may explain its meaning by some undefinable scruples he may hold, but underneath it represents a test of the community. By donning the black veil the minister realizes his fear that the people of his community are more obsessed with a sin they are sure the minister is hiding from, then their own sins that they live in everyday. Even his fellow man of the cloth Reverend Clark believes the minister must have some "horrible crime upon his soul"(p.113). Not a single person realizes the intent of the minister until his deathbed utterance that defiles the virtue of the community. Proof positive of this realization of their fault is the fact that while the minister was alive these people couldn't wait to remove the black veil, but once he is dead, unable to stop them from unmasking him, the veil follows him to his grave. Perhaps it is reverence toward the painful truth revealed by the minister that keeps the veil on his face, but more likely it is simply left on in the rush to bury the man who brought to light such a less than virtuous shortcoming. Like so many of Hawthorne's stories, the Minister's Black Veil personifies the fallible nature of a people so dedicated to living a life free of sin, when in fact they are simply ignoring the vices that rest under their own pillows.

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid essays

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid essays Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were two notorious robbers during the late 1800s and early 1900s. They have been rumored to be the most famous and successful bank robbers in history because of their long run with The Wild Bunch in the 1880s and 1890s. The one thing that probably makes them as famous and as legendary as they are, is the fact that no one knows whether or not they died when the history books say they did. It has been rumored that they were killed in Bolivia in 1909. Butch Cassidy was born as Robert Leroy Parker in 1866. His parents had decided that they would settle in Mormon country in Utah. He was described as very restless and had a very acquisitive nature to himself while he was growing up. Once he was a teenager, he met a cowboy rustler name Mike Cassidy. Cassidy, who later was the inspiration for his name, had taught him how to shoot, ride, and rope over the course of a few years to prepare him for his future. When Robert was old enough, he traveled to Telluride, Colorado with Cassidy. While he was there, Butch met the bank-robbing duo of Tom McCarty and Matt Warner. Butch seemed to fit in very well with the two of them and then later had taken part in numerous bank robberies in Denver and Telluride, and also a aborted train robbery in 1887. When he first started his life of crime, he went under the name of George Cassidy, he gathered a small reputation under this name before he adopted the name Butch from his profession at the time. Butch had been working as a butcher at a meat shop in Rock Springs, Wyoming. He liked the way the alias Butch Cassidy sounded so he replaced George with it. This new name then stayed with him for the rest of his life. A few years later, Butch became part of an outlaw strong hold of BROWNs Hole, a rugged mountain camp at the Green River bordering Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. He met many new people t...

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion - Assignment Example Information gained contributes to the enhancement of purchase intentions. Further on the consumer moves forward in search of other competitors related to the same product category and then selects the one that best suits one’s need and purchase potentials. In this stage the consumer tends to deal with a plethora of options relating to the product and chooses the one that turns out to be the most applicable. Finally the consumer generally in the course of making high price purchases like luxury cars tends to continually revaluate the decision by focusing on gaining more information that further reinforces one’s purchasing intentions (Baines, Fill and Page 83-86). Automobile companies like General Motors to increase the level of consumer attention tend to enhance their relationship aspects has created a website that helps the consumers choose between a large number of options to select the vehicle suiting their needs. Further the website also informs the consumers relatin g to the different financing options and also the cost parameters related to the different models. General Motors in such ventures also tends to present to the consumers a comparison between its models with other models produced in the same category by its competitor firms. This mode of communication rendered enhances the dimension of consumer loyalty for the luxury goods company here acts as an effective advisor tending to meet the needs of the consumer. Moreover the level of consumer advocacy is enhanced by firms like General Motors inviting the people to take test drives of their models for a continual period of 24 hours. This strategy pursued helps in enhancing the consumer’s relation to the commodity thereby rightly increasing the likelihood for the purchase (Urban 77-81). Thus it is evident that use of information technology has contributed to the development of customer relationship activities for the luxury goods and vehicle companies thereby contributing to the devel opment of brand awareness. The enhanced use of internet based marketing and promotional events contributes to the pulling of consumer interests for the commodities in the pursuit of creating increasing the level of consumer awareness (McGovern, Court, Quelch and Crawford 74). Consumers of luxury good and vehicles further tend to search of new and innovative relationship aspects with the respective companies in the form of evidence of loyalty ventures through which they can earn rebates and occasional or promotional discounts. Introduction of loyalty schemes and creation of loyalty club by the companies tends to excite further consumer attention and interest in procuring the merchandises concerned from the concerned companies (Fournier, Dobscha and Mick 48). Consumption of a Luxury-Car from the Experimental Perspective The consumption patterns of consumers in terms of procuring luxury cars and merchandises tends to be largely governed by the opinions, value sets and attitudes develop ed by them in relation to their existing social and cultural framework. Again the preference patterns of the consumers are also governed in terms of the ideologies reflected by the different groups to which they relate to. Social and cultural affluences along with group influences tend to largely govern the purchasing patterns of the c

Should the outside world intervene to help the victims of violence in Research Paper - 2

Should the outside world intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria - Research Paper Example CON: No the outside world should not intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria because: 1. Supporting Syria militarily violates the policy of non-military support 2. Supporting the rebels could lead to militarization of radical rebels within Syrian rebel group 3. Supporting Syria militarily will set a bad precedence, which may prompt the upsurge of rebel groups in many countries. 4. Supporting the Syrian rebels would amount to infringing on the sovereignty of the country. 5. The variation in the support, where some countries support the Syrian government and others support the Rebels may build a rivalry amongst other countries, which is a threat to world peace. The conflict in Syria is among the most deadly in the entire world. Over 70,000 people are dead since peaceful protests turned into a bloody revolution (Foreign Policy, n.p.). Many of these casualties are innocent men, women and children. They are not combatants of any sort but have been victimized by the regime of Ba shar al Assad in an effort to suppress the uprising. As the Syrian conflict drags on, it is becoming increasingly clear that something must be done to end the bloodshed and arrive at an agreement between all of the parties involved in the conflict. Currently the international community and Syrians engaged in the battle are wondering what the best way to end this conflict is. I believe strongly that there are several good reasons the outside world should intervene to help the victims of violence in Syria. The first reason the outside world should intervene in Syria is the fact that innocent lives are being destroyed by a cruel, authoritarianregime. I believe that the free and powerful nations of the world have the duty to help spread the ideals of freedom and justice to all people. Sometimes this requires free nations to support revolutions that are violent and messy from a diplomatic perspective. Many innocent people are dying in Syria at the hands of a dictator (Innocent Victims, n .p.). This alone should be enough reason to get involved. One of the most important things that need to be done is to care for the people displaced to Jordan, Turkey and Iraq (Inside, n.p.). These refugees need to be housed, fed and clothed. This is the humane thing to do. The United States has given more money towards this effort than any other nation on earth. This is commendable, but my feeling is more can be done. I believe that the United States and the powerful nations of Western Europe and Asia that are free and democratic should support the rebels in Syria with advanced training, weapons and military personnel from their own armies (Foreign Policy, n.p.). A second reason for full military engagement in the Syrian uprising centers on the fact, it is the duty of all nations to safeguard human rights, despite no matter where they are being violated. Bashar al Assad does not understand anything other than brute force. His father and grandfather both suppressed uprisings in the p ast with brutal tactics (South, 22). The outside world should intervene to show him that human rights are fundamental, and thus he cannot brutalize his own people, because the world upholds human rights with a high esteem, and it is willing to help. A peaceful and stable Syria is the first step towards this goal (Marcus, n.p.). Another reason that the world should help to end the conflict in Syria by becoming more engaged is the fact that

Mhp Nursing Shared Governance Essay Example for Free

Mhp Nursing Shared Governance Essay What is Shared Decision Making †¢ Point of Service Decision Making where staff who perform the work participate in decision making affecting their environment †¢ A 30 year old decision making model meant to give equal voice to nurses †¢ A decentralized style of management that creates an environment of empowerment Shared Decision Making A Journey Not a Destination We TO They Why Shared Decision Making †¢ Essential to achieving the best patient outcomes by giving nurses control of their practice – they know best! †¢ Recognizes the power already present in a role and allows that power to be expressed legitimately †¢ Builds autonomy into the profession Shared Decision Making – The Process A dynamic process that is centered on 4 critical principles of fully empowered organizations: Partnership Accountability Equity Ownership Operational Definitions †¢ Partnership – nursing staff and leadership work together at the unit and system level to move practice forward and achieve the best outcomes †¢ Accountability staff and managers share ownership for the outcomes of our work and are answerable to our colleagues, the institution and the community we serve Operational Definitions †¢ Equity – Integrating roles to achieve outcomes; everyone contributes within the scope of their role as part of the team †¢ Ownership – Everyone must realize that success is linked to how well they do their jobs Shared Decision Making Our Model Professional Advancement Council Administrative Council Safety First C rd oo ina tin g Quality Safety Council Cou ncil Unit Patient Research Evidence Based Nursing Practice Council Great Place to Work Professional Nurse Council Family Community Clinical Excellence Councils Coo Education Council rdin atin g Cou ncil Think of yourself as a Patient APN Council Research Council Financial Strength CCHS Shared Decision Making Councils †¢ Quality Safety Council †¢ Research Evidence Based Nursing Practice Council †¢ Education Council †¢ Professional Nurse Council †¢ Coordinating Council Education Council ï‚ § Collaborates with unit and system councils to identify educational needs, develop educational priorities with appropriate time lines and determine resources for all education impacting the Department of Patient Care Services ï‚ § Disseminates approved educational strategies to unit leaders and support staff ï‚ § Develops and maintains a communication network between unit and systems councils Research Evidence Based Nursing Practice Council ï‚ § Promotes the spirit of inquiry in clinical nursing practice ï‚ § Evaluates the literature in order to use best practices to transform clinical practice at the point-of-care Quality Safety Council ï‚ § Provides planned, systematic and collaborative approaches to oversee and direct quality and safety relating to the nursing process, functions and services provided. ï‚ § The council’s scope includes performance improvement and safety measures throughout the Department of Patient Care Services Professional Nurse Council ï‚ § Works to enhance the professional image of nursing within CCHS and the community ï‚ § Supports the spirit of the professional advancement program ï‚ § Identifies and supports implementation of recruitment and retention strategies Coordinating Council ï‚ § Provides overall coordination of the systems councils. ï‚ § Reviews the system strategic plan and adopts the plan for the Department of Patient Care Services and the nursing Shared Decision Making structure. ï‚ § Serves as the portal for other departments or disciplines requiring assistance with the Shared Decision Making structure of nursing. Problem Solving The Old Way †¢ Problem identified by staff and communicated to manager †¢ Manager may or may not have asked for feedback about solutions †¢ Manager made final decision or had final authority for approving a solution Problem Solving The New Way †¢ Staff identify issues and communicate them to the unit council †¢ Unit council formulates a response and communicates this to staff †¢ Staff provide feedback via the comment form. How Does The New Way Work †¢ Unit Council: ï‚ § Collects Data ï‚ § Develops a proposed plan using evidenced based practice ï‚ § Develops a time line ï‚ § Presents Plan for Feedback (Open Comment) ï‚ § Revises Plan Based Upon Feedback ï‚ § Forewards plan to system council, as needed How Does The New Way Work †¢ Unit Council: ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Implements Plan Evaluates Outcome Report Results to Unit Staff Seeks staff feedback, formally and informally on council’s performance How Does It Work Problem Solving Methodology †¢ Identify an Issue or a Problem †¢ Gather Data †¢ Design a Solution †¢ Obtain Feedback †¢ Finalize a Proposal †¢ Implement †¢ Evaluate †¢ Report Increased Incidence of Pressure Sores Problem Unit Problem: Unit Council Problem Solving Model Results: Positive Outcomes System Level Practice Research Problem Coordinating Operations Education Problem Solving Model Results: Positive Outcomes Nurse Manager’s Role †¢ Create a climate that is actively supportive and not just tolerant of shared decision making †¢ Facilitate a leaning environment for staff growth and comfort with shared decision making †¢ Support â€Å"release time† for staff to participate in shared decision making activities Nurse Manager’s Role †¢ Share with staff your knowledge of leadership and help staff to minimize implementation barriers †¢ Commit to the â€Å"New Way† Role of Unit Based Council Chair †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Set meetings Develop the agenda Move council to consensus Ensure members participate (per charter) Facilitate group assignments Ensure consensus for decision making Call emergency meetings, as needed Mentor Chair-elect Benefits of Shared Decision Making †¢ Increased Staff Nurse Satisfaction (increased autonomy, increased control over practice, improved communication between nurses, physicians and administration) †¢ Improved Nursing Retention ($90,000 to replace an RN 2006 Advisory Board) †¢ Improved Patient Safety Outcomes Benefits of Shared Decision Making †¢ Improved collaboration and team Building †¢ Improved quality of care and clinical effectiveness †¢ Increased staff confidence, personal and professional growth †¢ Development of new knowledge and skills †¢ Increased professionalism and accountability Requirements for success†¦. †¢ Place the Patient First and focus on providing the best care possible †¢ Trust and respect is essential †¢ Communicate openly and honestly †¢ Embrace change and strive for improvement †¢ Staff and managers hold each other accountable. †¢ Organizational support of accountability in the performance appraisal process Final Thought Shared decision making is a journey, not an event. It is not achieved overnight, and there is no conclusion – no point when it is fully in place. It only provides a foundation for further growth. Tim Porter-O’Grady

The Qualities of the Houyhnhnm’s Civilization in Gullivers Travels Ess

In part 4 of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver is abandoned on an island by his crew. As Gulliver begins to explore his surroundings, a group of savages attack him. These savages appear to be human, however they behave like wild animals. Gulliver is rescued by a couple of horses. The horses are called â€Å"Houyhnhnms† are rational creatures which are capable of speech and thought. The horses refer to these human-like creatures as â€Å"Yahoos† and treat them as wild animals incapable of reasoning. Gulliver is very surprised how the Houyhnhnms speak to each other, while the Houyhnhnms are equally surprised at the appearance and behavior of Gulliver. The horses lead Gulliver back to their base where they proceed to find out more about him. Gulliver also describes them and how they converse with each other. Gulliver pays close attention to their language and eventually learns how to speak with them. He asks them questions about their culture and learns about their socie ty. He tells them about his society and how horses are treated and how the humans are far superior to the horses. Gulliver is treated very well by the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver spends a lot of time with one horse in particular. Gulliver refers to this horse as his master. Gulliver tells his master of his life and his native land which is England. Gulliver talks about his crew and their lives and troubles. Many of Gulliver’s crew were lost at sea and they were replaced by criminals and men who were desperate for work. In describing these men, Gulliver shows his master what human nature is like. Gulliver has a hard time explaining the crimes and motives of men and their actions because his master does not understand dishonesty and treachery. Gulliver talks about why humans wage wars aga... ... of the Houyhnhnm and their pursuit of knowledge allow them to live in perfect happiness. They are not selfish or greedy and are perfectly honest. If humanity were to strive towards gaining these qualities which the Houyhnhnm possess, humans would be more likely to create a better society. Humanity has created governments in order to promote justice, peace and prosperity. The Houyhnhnm created a similar government to help them maintain their virtuous society. Humanity must place a large importance on virtue in order to make human society better. Humanity is very different from this land of horses. The horses seem to lack any emotion and are incapable of joy and sorrow. Humans often allow emotions to guide their decision-making process. The Houyhnhnm allow only reason to guide them. Humans should try to replicate this pattern to create better effects for society.

Religion †god’s Essay

There are eight dimensions of religiosity framed by Kendler which defines religiosity as a system of belief. These include general religiosity which included sensing one’s place within the universe and daily experience; social religiosity or in relation to others; involved God or the living or experiencing God’s presence; forgiveness is a virtue associated with being religious, God as judge is related to involved God but taken on the context of â€Å"God as authority† and notion of judgment and punishment which are attributions of divinity; unvengefulness is taken as the opposite of forgiveness referring to a pendulum swing from religiosity to fanaticism; finally, thankfulness is construed as coping scale reflecting the two ends of gratitude and anger at life and God (Kendler et al. , 2003). But nonetheless, the point of view used remained sociological and not religious as a mystic would for example introspect or meditate on the nature of suicidal act but the attribution of religiosity is important in understanding the class of individual and social group behavior patterns. For the purpose of this study, the mystical experience is assumed to be true but the Heisenberg’s uncertainty theory would make it impossible to fully describe the experience first hand. A conception and faith in an almighty force in the universe, thankfulness and communion with God could be taken as internal processes while forgiveness, unvengefulness and belonging to a religious group as social dimensions. Research on suicide showed importance of social networks particularly the primary groups in significantly reducing suicidal situations and hence its ideation, it would be difficult to differentiate social religiosity with other groupings, e. g. school science club. Hence, the author tends to regard religious experience in the level of personal understanding. Fear and love of God – the all powerful are still outward manifestations that is why it reflects strongly in group organizations and which have been institutionalized as in organized religions and churches. Looking at religiosity on psychological point of view symbolism and introspective evaluation techniques are relevant at least in trying to understand the internal dynamism of such an important belief. While it is not the wish of the researcher to go into theological discourse on the existence of one God almighty, it would be important in this research to have a glimpse on how such a belief is being reinforcement both at the social and individual or personal level. While there are a lot of accounts on mystical experiences, these experiences are not unique to purely religious experience but are even associated with use of hallucinogenic substances in some exotic religious rituals. Communion with nature or being one with nature is another area of vague divide between religious beliefs. We therefore view religion in two levels as a system of shared beliefs and as an experience. For the purpose, understanding suicide in the religious context, we take the personal view and relate the importance of such practice in the conception of self and in relation to other beings. Mind, body, and otherness: A tri-disciplinary approach in evaluating suicide syndrome Based from the review of the three disciplines, we can now combine the elements useful in evaluating a dangerous syndrome. From sociology we borrow the systematic approach to the study of groups while giving to value formation and its possible relationship with the notion of will. Value formation and exercise of will are considered human attributes. Is this natural or learned? This is clearly domain of psychology. Symbolic interactionism is one of the trends in thinking in sociology which parallel concerns in developmental psychology, that of the role of cognition in human behavior and how products of cognition are shared with others. Furthermore we limit the conceptualization of suicide into manageable numbers of variables including values, group organization, self perception, will and cognition, value and meaning of life. Taken together these variables could constitute what may be considered the psychosocial senses which enable us humans to relate self with the universe and in extreme cases, to severe such a psychosocial tie as in the case of suicide.

The Church Of The Roman Empire - 2027 Words

The early church was hated by the society and government of the Roman Empire for various reasons, such as the refusal of Christians to sacrifice to the gods. The Empire went through many phases of demanding that the Christians sacrifice which meant denying their faith or be killed. The earliest attacks claimed the lives of many of the apostles.This text is the story, from around 160 AD, of the martyrdom of Polycarp, the Bishop of the church in Smyrna, a city in Asia Minor (modern Izmir in Turkey) devoted to Roman worship. The account is in the form of a letter from eye-witnesses to other churches in the area. It is the earliest chronicle of a martyrdom outside the New Testament.Polycarp was an old man, at least 86, and probably the last surviving person to have known an apostle, having been a disciple of St. John. This was one reason he was greatly revered as a teacher and church leader. One interesting feature of the letter is that the writer is very conscious of how Polycarpâ€℠¢s death followed the pattern of Christ’s. As you read it, look for parallels between this story and the Easter story in the gospels. We are writing to you, brothers, with an account of the martyrs, especially the blessed Polycarp, whose death brought to the persecution to a close. Almost all the events that led up to it reveal it to be another martyrdom in the divine pattern that we see in the Gospel. For he waited for his betrayal, just like the Lord did, so that we might follow him, in looking outShow MoreRelatedThe Christian Church Of The Roman Empire931 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how the Christian church filled the vacuum left by the passing of the Roman Empire we must first determine two things; which Christian church filled the void and what were they filling? 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